The report observed that successful places rely on an array of strategies to encourage affordable housing. It noted that inclusionary zoning, which requires a set-aside or exaction of affordable units, has mixed results. Successful programs have strong incentives for developers.
The analysis describes each policy framework, assesses whether the policy worked, and provides a discussion of pros and cons. The policies surveyed are divided into categories.
Land-Use Strategies for Encouraging Affordable Housing:
- Planning for Affordable Housing
- Zoning for Affordable Housing
- Overlay Zoning Districts
- Affordable Housing Districts
- Inclusionary Zoning
- Density Bonus Programs
- Growth Centers and Corridors
- Changes in Zoning to Encourage Affordable Housing
- Accessory Dwelling Unit Ordinance
- Increased Use of Manufactured Housing
- Adaptive Reuse of Underutilized Buildings
- Performance Zoning (e.g., form-based zoning).
- Allowing Various Types of Development
- Cluster Development
- Infill Development
- Mixed-Use Development
- Planned Unit Development
- Transit-Oriented Development
- Affordable Housing Ordinances
- Property Taxes
- State Tax Credits
- Impact Fees
- State Incentives
- Housing Trust Funds
- Housing-Linked Deposits
- Linkage Fees
- Tax Increment Financing
- Profit-Sharing
- General Obligation Bonds
- “Double Bottom Line” Private Equity Funds
- Shared Equity
A third category called "other" includes increasing education for folks needing affordability programs, creating public-private partnerships, and expediting permitting.
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